سازواری یا ناسازواری تربیت و سیاست؛ خوانش انتقادی نظریه‌های فضیلت‌گرایی، قدرت‌گرایی و انتقادی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

3 پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی

چکیده

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی و ارزیابی جریان‌های فکری ناظر به مسئله سازواری تربیت و سیاست می‌باشد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، سیر تحول اندیشه‌های ناظر به مناسبات تربیت و سیاست به عنوان دو امر و نهاد اجتماعی از منظر سازواری چارچوب نظری هر یک با هم، همخوانی با فلسفه اجتماع و یا با چارچوب فکری معیار مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. در این تحلیل از الگوی هدف ـ وسیله در معنای موسّع آن و همچنین دوگانه ساختار ـ کارکرد دولت در کنار نظریه بحران اسپریگنز بهره گرفته شد. نتایج این مطالعه منجر به شناسایی سه جریان اصلی «فضیلت‌گرایی»، «قدرت‌گرایی» و «نظریه انتقادی» شد که طرح یا برجسته شدن آن‌ها اغلب واکنشی و برای سازوار نمودن تربیت و سیاست با هم و بر اساس فلسفه اجتماع مربوطه است. در پایان، در نتیجه تحلیل، مقایسه و نقد نظریه‌های موجود، نسخه اصلاح شده فضیلت‌گرایی متناسب با شرایط دولت جدید و بافت اندیشه اسلامی به مثابه رویکرد مرجح پیشنهاد شد. تصریح شد که تغییر معنای تربیت و سیاست و همچنین توزیع قدرت سه راه پیش روی رفع ناسازواری میان تربیت و سیاست به شمار می‌روند.

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