تحلیل میدان مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی در پیوند با قدرت و مذهب در تاریخ اجتماعی ایران بر اساس اندیشه بوردیو

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی و توسعه منابع انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه آموزشی علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 استاد، گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، تحلیل ماهیت خرده میدان مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی در پیوند با میدان قدرت و مذهب در دوره­های تاریخی ایران در چهارچوب نظریه میدان بوردیو می‌باشد. لذا با استفاده از روش پژوهش اسنادی و با تکنیک تحلیل مضمون منطبق بر رویکرد برون و کلارک و مدل آتراید استرلینگ، تاریخ اجتماعی ایران در دو دوره پیش از اسلام (ایران باستان) و پس از اسلام (تا اواسط دوره قاجار و تحولات جدید آموزشی) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در دوره باستان مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی در قالب سلسله‌مراتب موبدان زرتشتی با میزان متفاوت سرمایه‌های فرهنگی تجسم‌یافته انحصاری، سرمایه‌های اجتماعی اشرافی و سرمایه نمادین حاصل‌شده از موقعیت سیاسی ظهور کرد که توارث حرفه‌ای محدود در طبقات اجتماعی، مشخصه بارز این خرده میدان بود. مهمترین کارکرد این میدان، تسلط معرفت‌شناختی، محدودسازی طبقاتی معرفت و بازتولید طبقات مبتنی بر مدیریت نظام ارزشی بود. در دوره اسلامی به دلیل کاهش پیوند میدان قدرت و مذهب و همچنین استقلال نسبی میدان آموزش به‌ویژه در دوره‌های شکوفایی، مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی به کارکرد تخصصی و ذاتی خویش نزدیک شد. علمای سرشناس مذهبی در قامت متولی وقف یا نماینده حاکمیت بر اساس شرایط حرفه‌ای خویش و بر مبنای سرمایه فرهنگی، مدیریت آموزش را بر عهده گرفتند. کارکرد این میدان بر اساس میزان استقلال آن قابل تبیین است.

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