استلزام های تدوین نظریه تربیتی در پارادایم پیچیدگی: منظری هستی شناختی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

شهید بهشتی

چکیده

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، ارائه برخی استلزام های طرح و تدوین نظریه تربیتی با توجه به مؤلفه‌های هستی شناختی پارادایم پیچیدگی می‌باشد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، با بهره گیری از روش های فلسفی، نخست با نقد نحوه اثرگذاری مؤلفه‌های هستی شناختی پارادایم سادگی (واقع گرایی ساده، علیت خطی، تعین‌گرایی) بر نظریه‌های تربیتی معاصر، به معرفی مؤلفه‌های هستی شناختی پارادایم پیچیدگی (واقع گرایی انتقادی پیچیده، علیت پیچیده، تعین‌گرایی ساختاری) پرداخته شد. سپس، برخی استلزام‌های تدوین نظریه تربیتی با اتکا به این مؤلفه‌ها موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. بر این اساس، نظام تعلیم و تربیت مانند یک فراسیستم پیچیده، خودسازمان‌دهنده و چندلایه است که در هر یک از سطوح و لایه‌های آن زیرسیستم‌هایی حاوی عناصر و عامل‌های (انسانی و غیرانسانی) مرتبط با یکدیگر وجود داشته و با سازوکارهای پیچیده ای عمل می کنند. مجموعه این روابط سازنده شبکه‌ای گسترده هستند که طبق نظریه کنشگر-شبکه و با تأکید بر بافت و زمینه نظام تربیتی، شرایط جدیدی برای تولید دانش به وجود آورده و بر این اساس، تلقی جدیدی از مفاهیم یادگیری و یادگیرنده پدید می آید. همچنین، با توجه به ماهیت تحولی جهان هستی، مهم ترین هدف برنامه‌های درسی دخیل کردن هرچه بیشتر دانش‌آموزان در جهان خود یا مشارکت در آفرینش جهانی نو می باشد.

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